1500's: Children of “mixed” blood are born to French/English men and First Nations women. in the 1500's Metis becomes the accepted term for these children 1600s: Indigenous people begin to act as guides and translators. These individuals have begun to share their knowledge of food and illness prevention. 1763: Royal Proclamation of 1763 – King George III states that Indigenous people own their own lands 1780: Many indigenous individuals die of diseases (ex. Smallpox) brought over by European fur traders 1788: Treaty 8 – Northwest Trading Company established trading post at Fort Chipewyan 1812: During the war of 1812, First Nations and Metis fighters played an important role in the defense of the British Territories. 1857: Federal Government enacted enfranchisement 1867: BNA (British North America Act) puts Indians and their lands under control of Federal Government 1874: Treaty 8 + Metis Holy Angels School founded in Fort Chipewyan 1876: All laws dealing with “Indians” consolidated under Indian Act 1877: Treaty 7 agreement signed between Queen Victoria and Blackfoot/First Nations bands in Southern Alberta 1880s: Ban on ceremonies (Pow Wow, Sun Dances) “An act to further amend the Indian Act” 1883: Indian Residential Schools appear – Schools opened in High River, Qu’Appelle, and Battleford 1885: Pass System introduced till the 1940s. Required all First Nations living on reserves to get written permission from the Indian Agent if they needed to leave the reserve 1887: Banff formed. First Nations and Treaty 7 Stoney Nakoda removed from the land. 1894: Indian Act amended. Attendance at day school, industrial school or residential schools is compulsory for all First Nations children. 1899: Treaty 8 is signed between Queen Victoria and the First Nations (Woodland Cree an Densuline Cree) 1907: Treaty 6 and 8 expelled from Jasper 1938: Metis betterment act set aside land for 12 Metis settlements. Eventually it was reduced to 8. 1951: Pass System repealed 1969: Government introduced White Paper Act 1975: Treaty 7 St. Mary’s mission at Standoff, last Indian residential school in Alberta closed. 1982: In Constitution Act, aboriginal people of Canada include Indians, Inuit and Metis. 1985: Federal Government passed bill C-31 1989: Alberta Metis settlement accord adopted 2001: Treaty 6-Papaschase Cree file land claim in order to regain their original land (won the case in 2006) 2005: First Nations denied a private audience with the monarch 2006: A court approved the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, also known as the IRSSA. September 2007: Implementation of the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) began June 2 2008: The Launch of the Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commission October 15 2009: The re-launching of the Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commission began June 2015: Completion of the Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commission (included 94 calls to action)